તરબૂચ અને ટેટીની ખેતી કેવી રીતે ખેડૂતોની આવક વધારી શકે?

Watermelon is considered a very popular fruit and vegetable during summer. Its fruits are very sweet and tasty when cooked. It is widely cultivated from the foothills of the Himalayas to the states of South India. Consumption of its fruits does not cause "heat" and provides relief from heat. It is mainly cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. If farmers cultivate local varieties of watermelon with advanced species and scientific techniques, good and quality yields can be obtained from their crop.

Favorable Climate

Warm and moderately humid areas are best for watermelon cultivation. Temperatures between 25 to 32 degrees Celsius have been found suitable for seed development and plant growth.

How can watermelon and muskmelon cultivation increase farmers' income?

Watermelon can be easily cultivated in sandy soil where other crops cannot grow.
This allows farmers to earn income even from barren land.

Since watermelon contains 90% water, its demand is very high during summer. This allows farmers to prepare the crop in less time and earn more profit.

In this farming method, the problem of diseases and pests is negligible compared to other crops, and it also requires less fertilizer than other crops, which is also more economically beneficial for farmers.

In watermelon cultivation, fruits ripen at the same time, so they can be sold all at once, which can fetch good market prices.

If cultivation is done before the season arrives at the right time, and the produce reaches the market early, better market prices can be obtained than expected.

Soil Selection

Watermelon cultivation is done in various types of soil. But sandy soil is suitable for its cultivation. Watermelon is one of the vegetable varieties of the gourd family, which is successfully grown even in soil with a pH value of 5. For its cultivation, the pH value of the soil should be between 5.5 and 7.

Soil Preparation

Plow the field properly and mix 500 kg of well-decomposed cow dung manure with Dr. Neutra Power per acre in the furrow or at the time of sowing, 100 to 150 quintals per hectare of cow dung manure should be mixed well with fertilizer.

Improved Varieties

To get a good yield from the crop, farmers should prioritize improved varieties of watermelon compared to local varieties, and also choose resistant and high-yielding varieties. In your area, farmers should cultivate varieties that give higher production and show fewer diseases and pests.
Some improved varieties of watermelon are as follows, such as Sugar Baby, Durgapur Kesar, Arco Manik, Durgapur Mela, Kashi Pitambar, Pusa Vedana, Arka Jyoti, W-19, New Hampshire Midgut and Ashai Yamato.

Sowing Time

This crop requires a warm and dry climate and good sunlight. Temperatures between 24 and 27 degrees Celsius are beneficial for vine growth. If the temperature changes and falls below 18 degrees Celsius or rises above 32 degrees Celsius, it has an adverse effect on vine and fruit setting. If the temperature is below 21 degrees Celsius, the seeds will not germinate. During the growth phase, if there is humidity and fog in the air, the vines do not grow properly and fungal diseases proliferate. Nowadays, this crop is grown throughout the year except for summer and monsoon days.

Seed Rate

3.5 to 4 kg of seeds are sufficient for one hectare.

To increase the yield of watermelon and muskmelon, do the following: -

Each time with water Dr. Always give the divine nectar of Urja Activator 182.

15 to 20 days after sowing, you can prepare the divine solution of Dr. Unitek and Dr. Fungstar and give it through drip or with water.

After 1 week, mix 2 kg of jaggery and 5 liters of sour buttermilk with Dr. Divya Urja 182 in 200 liters of water, let it sit for 12 hours, and then apply it to the roots. This will increase sprouting and flowering and accelerate crop growth in favorable weather.

35 to 40 days after sowing, you can prepare the divine solution of Dr. Unitek and Dr. Fungstar and give it through drip or with water.

To control fruit flies and insects, spray Dr. Brahmos medicine at 60 ml per 15-liter pump in the morning or evening.

To increase flowers, spray 5 ml of Dr. Kashmora in a 15-liter pump in the morning or evening.

To increase the size and weight of fruits, definitely spray Dr. Judo.

Harvesting of Fruits :-

Harvesting is very important in watermelon. It is very difficult to determine the ripeness of watermelon fruit by looking at the size and color of the fruit's stalk. A well-ripened fruit is identified from below. This is done by observing the color change in the part of the fruit touching the ground. A well-ripened fruit makes a vigorous sound. In addition, if the fruit-bearing shoot dries completely, the fruit is ripe. Even if a ripe fruit appears to be cracking, it is considered ripe.

Fruits should be picked and collected in a cool place. When sending fruits to distant markets, they are placed in trucks on several layers, and after each layer, paddy straw is placed. This straw prevents damage to the fruits and keeps the watermelon fresh. During summer, fruits can be easily stored for 10 days at normal temperature.

Yield

The yield of watermelon crop depends on improved varieties, balanced amount of fertilizer and manure, crop care and conditions. However, if cultivated with the scientific techniques mentioned above, the average yield of watermelon is 400 to 550 quintals per hectare.

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